Prejudice Vs. Tolerance, God And Religion, Violence And Creulty Themes Essay

Prejudice Vs. Tolerance, God And Religion, Violence And Creulty Themes in A Good Man is Hard to Find - Essay Example "A Good Man Is Hard to Find," the title selection of O'Connor's 1955 collection, has received a great deal of critical attention. The story serves as an excellent introduction to O'Connor's fiction because it contains all the elements that typify O'Connor's work: a combination of humor and horror, grotesque characters, and an opportunity for characters to accept God's grace. Here the author narrates the story in juxtaposition with predominantly three prime themes viz. Prejudice vs. tolerance, God and religion and over all violence in relation to cruelty. To deal with the story it should be remembered that first the circumstantial evidences prevailing at the point of time. The socio-economic context is the most important scenario to understand the narrative of the story. The Civil Rights Movement Fueled with the speeches of Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr. and with the deaths of several African-American activists, the civil rights movement was at its peak in 1955. (Brinkmeyer, 18-22). The story unfolds in this context. O'Connor's story is told by a third-person narrator, but the focus is on the Grandmother's perspective of events. The first and very important theme of this story is the conflict between prejudices vs. tolerance. The Grandmother proclaims "Here this fellow that calls himself The Misfit is aloose from the Federal Pen and headed toward Florida and you read here what it says he did to these people. Just you read it. I wouldn't take my children in any direction with a criminal like that aloose in it. I couldn't answer to my conscience if I did." (O'Connor, 137) on a different occasion she is dressed up "in case of an accident, anyone seeing her dead on the highway would know at once that she was a lady" (O'Connor, 138) shows the conservative nature of the woman which is nothing but an extended ego of her prejudices. Time and again her exclamations and statements narrates that she is not color blind in any sense. But once confronted with Misfit she appears more open and avant-garde with dialogues like "you shouldn't call yourself The Misfit because I know you're a good man at heart. I can just look a t you and tell" (O'Connor, 147) or when she tells him "I just know you're a good man, you're not a bit common!" (O'Connor, 148) This is a nice gesture to overcome her prejudice and convey herself as an open minded lady who is in the heart a tolerant person by nature. The second theme of this story is the underlying faith in God and religion. The theological discussion at the end of the story, between the grandmother and The Misfit, has gotten a lot of attention from critics. Is she serious about him being her child Does he really believe in Jesus' miracles, since he believes there is no pleasure in life Religious beliefs, invoked only at a moment of dire need are nothing like the beliefs that people live by--or are sudden realizations the actual crux of religious belief There might not be any direct answers to these questions, but there is plenty of room for discussion. The "good man" of the title reverberates off the "good woman" of the last lines. The grandmother would have been a good woman, but during the earlier course of the story, the term "good man" is used quite loosely: the grandmother calls just about anyone she wants to please a "good man." She bemoans, with others, the lack of any real respect or goodness in the present day--people make this complaint all the time. (Gordon, 87) At the same time, she lies, and manipulates, and is generally a pain to everyone--she gets her entire family killed. At the same time, The Misfit does have some points: do punishments fit crimes What is "good" And what did Jesus really do, exactly Dialogues between Grandma and Misfit reveal in entirety the friction between them in terms if faith and a subdued inclination towards religion like "Pray, pray," the grandmother began, "pray, pray . . ." To this Misfit relies "I never was a bad boy that I

Virtue - Ontology Essay Example for Free

Virtue Ontology Essay Many people associate Plato with a few central doctrines that are advocated in his writings: The world that appears to our senses is in some way defective and filled with error, but there is a more real and perfect realm, populated by entities (called â€Å"forms† or â€Å"ideas†) that are eternal, changeless, and in some sense paradigmatic for the structure and character of the world presented to our senses. Among the most important of these abstract objects (as they are now called, because they are not located in space or time) are goodness, beauty, equality, bigness, likeness, unity, being, sameness, difference, change, and changelessness. (These terms—â€Å"goodness†, â€Å"beauty†, and so on—are often capitalized by those who write about Plato, in order to call attention to their exalted status; similarly for â€Å"Forms† and â€Å"Ideas. †) The most fundamental distinction in Platos philosophy is between the many observable objects that appear beautiful (good, just, unified, equal, big) and the one object that is what beauty (goodness, justice, unity) really is, from which those many beautiful (good, just, unified, equal, big) things receive their names and their corresponding characteristics. Nearly every major work of Plato is, in some way, devoted to or dependent on this distinction. Many of them explore the ethical and practical consequences of conceiving of reality in this bifurcated way. We are urged to transform our values by taking to heart the greater reality of the forms and the defectiveness of the corporeal world. We must recognize that the soul is a different sort of object from the body—so much so that it does not depend on the existence of the body for its functioning, and can in fact grasp the nature of the forms far more easily when it is not encumbered by its attachment to anything corporeal. In a few of Platos works, we are told that the soul always retains the ability to recollect what it once grasped of the forms, when it was disembodied prior to its possessors birth (see especially Meno), and that the lives we lead are to some extent a punishment or reward for choices we made in a previous existence (see especially the final pages of Republic). But in many of Platos writings, it is asserted or assumed that true philosophers—those who recognize how important it is to distinguish the one (the one thing that goodness is, or virtue is, or courage is) from the many (the many things that are called good or virtuous or courageous )—are in a position to become ethically superior to unenlightened human beings, because of the greater degree of insight they can acquire. To understand which things are good and why they are good (and if we are not interested in such questions, how can we become good? ), we must investigate the form of good.

Strategic Management Analysis: Nike

Strategic Management Analysis: Nike Nike Inc Strategic Plan Analysis Introduction Nike is the leading corporation in the world, which deals in equipment supply sportswear. It is a US based company and established in 1962 by Bill Boverman Philip Knight in the name of Blue Ribbon Sports. Later it was changed to Nike Inc in 1978. Headquarter of the company are located in Oregon, which is near Beaverton, the USA. It is the major manufacturer and supplier of apparel and athlete shoes. The business practices and manufacturing methods of Nike Inc are based on innovation. Mission statement Mission of the company is to become the best shoe provider, which delivers best services to its customers. Vision statement The vision statement of the company is to assist every athlete in developing motivation and creativity throughout the world. Goals and objective Goal of the company is to utilize the innovative ideas in order to manufacture quality athlete shoes and attire for the world. There are various objectives of the company, but the most significant one is to become the leader through different activities, which exhibit concern for those who are associated with Nike, such as customers, employees and suppliers throughout the world. Management style at Nike Former CEO, Philip Knight played a vital role in the establishment of strategic management. His style of management is described as the idiosyncratic, which is very personal and distinctive. The mode of management in Nike is described by strategic planning. CEO of Nike reflects broad mindedness as the management style at Nike is based on different aspects, such as the conservative decisions and planned risks. Implementation of management style is based on a thorough analysis of internal as well as external environment. Decision making style of Philip Knight reflects participative method. Knight is a daring person and able to make independent decisions, but before going to consider any decision, he invites the management team to give their views and suggestion on a particular subject. Management style of Nike differs greatly with the management style of Toyota, as it employs the concept of quality across all the levels of management. Basically, Nike is a home region company; 99 percent of its production is outsourced to south East Asia. The products of Nike are being supplied by the employees from independent contract companies, which do not form the part of ownership but are component of supply chain network. From these independent firms, the management at Nike is indirectly accountable for the working conditions of employees. Nike gives immense focus on the sales. On the other hand, Toyota focuses on cutting down the number of human labor by adopting the system of Just in Time (Rugman, 2005). This system helps to maintain appropriate inventory level and ensures correctness in every step of assembly process. Nike’s management style is characterized by the approach towards team management. Top management is composed of the dedicated executive groups having huge knowledge and skill. The group is highly oriented towards the team. This management style has led to the development of faith and esteem (Heller, 2008). This culture of company extends throughout organization. On the other hand, Management style at Toyota is also very effective, as it implements the philosophy of production system into manufacturing procedures. The policy enhances honesty and innovation among the employees, which further assists them to produce quality goods and services. The production system at Toyota is formulated on a strong channel of suppliers and equipment manufacturers. Management team applies those policies, which perform in an interactive manner throughout the distribution networks. Apart from this, similarity lies in their focus of developing the global brand in terms of the quality and style (Kno wledge Management Practices at Toyota Motors, 2005). Total Quality Management Style in Toyota Toyota successfully adopted the system of total quality management. Earlier, the company adopted the American method, which says that machines should be operated until they are broken. The engineer should be called only after this situation. This approach resulted in a decrease in the productivity. But Toyota has always adopted a learning attitude and as a result, it underwent transformation. In the first step, workers were assigned with the responsibility of handling individual machines. In the next step, workers were supposed to keep the documentation of the machine in the special notebooks. In this notebook, they were supposed to document the operation of machine along with the maintenance history. In the further step, they concentrated on the cleaning of dirt, for which they designed particular guards and covers. In the last step, they went for the practices of systematic maintenance. All these procedures helped Toyota in redesigning and making modifications in the parts and above all, these processes led to the building of highest quality cars and as a result, it became the most profitable car manufacturer. Considering Nike, its strategy always focused on encouraging customers to buy the products and the investors to purchase the stock. In spite of this, the production of Nike suffered because of its poor labor law and less focus on the workers conditions (Nike Dispute, 2008). Therefore, in order to implement the Total quality Management, Nike should give emphasis over the overall aspects of the organization. Integration of TQM in Nike TQM implies Total Quality Management; it is a management function and implemented in each business practices through different activities, such as customer feedback and research on their needs and demands. TQM practices of Toyota are based on the quality measures and focus on active participation of every employee in the quality based practices to achieve long term success. TQM practices of Toyota can be incorporated into Nike by shifting its focus on quality measures. The methods involve assessment in a rigorous manner and designing all features of Nike. Management team of Nike should consider each and every aspects of organization and must initiate the TQM practices from the top position (Heller, 2008). In order to implement TQM system, there is a requirement of increasing the level of accountability among the employees, which in turn can assist them to achieve the goals successfully, so Nike should also consider this aspect in the implementation of TQM practices. To ensure quality in the products and goods, Nike should involve practices to enhance customer satisfaction, which were also used by Toyota. Apart from this, Nike should also give emphasis on establishing achievable goals and objectives, so as to ensure quality practices as a means of TQM methodology (Heller, 2008). Conclusion From the above discussion, it can be concluded that the participative style of management, which is followed in the Nike serves as strength. Nike’s continue focus on the market of high end, increase of market share in the middle and focus on the small price ranges have broaden the product spectrum of Nike. In order to implement the Total quality Management, eight important aspects must be given due consideration, which includes: Principles, Integrity, Trust, Training, Recognition, Teamwork, Leadership and Communication. Nike should focus on improving labor relation and conditions of factory at the production system. To make TQM successful, supervisor must show his full commitment in leading his employees and must try to develop faith and promise by implementing practices of TQM. There is a huge requirement of dedication and personal involvement from top management. Last but not the least, clarity in the goals and objective can help in making the employee satisfied and would as sist in gaining their corporation. References Heller, R. (2008). Management styles. Retrieved August 30, 2008 from http://www.thinkingmanagers.com/companies/nike.php Knowledge Management Practices at Toyota Motors (2005). Retrieved August 30, 2008 from http://www.icmrindia.org/casestudies/catalogue/IT%20and%20Systems/ITSY048.htm Kotler, P. (2002). Marketing Management (11th Edition). New Delhi: Prentice Hall of India Private Ltd. Nike Dispute (2008). Retrieved August 30, 2008 from http://ivythesis.typepad.com/term_paper_topics/2008/08/nikes-dispute-w.html Rugman, M.A. (2005). The Regional Multinationals. Cambridge University Press.

Sophocles Antigone :: essays research papers

This paper is an essay on Antigone. The story Antigone is a great Greek tragedy. Sophocles, an ancient Greek playwright, is the author of the story. It is a great story. It is known throughout the world. This essay is going to trace the character of Antigone through the beginning, middle, and end of the story. Antigone is a very strong willed character. In the very first scene of the book Antigone is talking to her sister (Ismene) about how their two brothers (Eteocles and Polyneices) killed each other fighting over the thrown. Antigone is enraged over the fact that Creon (Antigone’s uncle and the new king) has buried Eteocles with military honors but has left Polyneices to rot. Creon has declared that any person who buries Polyneices will be killed, but Antigone doesn’t care. Antigone is driven to bury her brother and she wants her sister’s help. â€Å"Ismene, I am going to bury him. Will you come?†(pg.750 line 30). Ismene is too afraid of Creon to help Antigone. Antigone is determined to bury her brother at any cost, and unlike her sister, she is not afraid of Creon. â€Å"Creon is not strong enough to stand in my way,†(pg.750 line 35). Not even the threat of death is enough to make Antigone afraid of Creon. At this point in the book she is stubborn and self-righteous. Antigone then goes out at night and buries Polyneices. That makes Creon very mad, so he unburies Poylneices and posts guard around the body. The next day a whirlwind kicks up around the guards and Antigone starts to bury Polyneices again. Unfortunately the whirlwind died before Antigone could finish burying him, so she is captured and brought to Creon. Antigone boldly admits to burying her brohter despite the fact that she could be killed. Creon tries to convince her that what she did is wrong by pointing out that Eteocles is her brother and Polyneices is a traitor for attacking the city. Despite the fact that her brother, Polyneices, attacked the city, Antigone still loves her brothers equally. â€Å"His own brother, traitor or not, are equal in blood,† (pg.766 line 110). Antigone enrages Creon by refusing to admit Polyneices fault. Ismene tries to take the blame with Antigone but Antigone refuses her help. â€Å"Yes, save yourself, I shall not envy you. There are those who will praise you, I will have honor too,† (pg.

Impact of Managers and Leaders in Organizations on the Motivation of Employees Essay

Any organization is always started with an elaborated target to fulfill based on arrangement and strategies to be applied in the performance of achieving those goals. Actually the objective, performance and the methodology in which the organization is set up and run, defines its kind and capability in relation to other organizations. Organization consists of staffs that are categorized depending on the duty performed and the responsibilities that are bestowed upon them. In order to achieve success an organized system is essential which will involve a specified hierarchy which clearly positions each and every individual in relation to the capacity and the type of responsibilities. Under this arrangement management and leadership are considered to be the key factors in accomplishing the targets. Management comprises duties that fully covers directly or indirectly the whole structure of the organization. It combines aspects like controlling all the operations of the company inclusive of planning events, strategic steps to be followed and even the necessary concepts that improves the organization. Management is also involved in the overall organization of the available resources that are associated with the whole operation. Management determines the kind of employees working in an organization which is brought about by the coordination and leadership that is developed towards the employees. All the functions of management are carried out by the managers in the organization. Leadership and management are related terminologies and they are inseparable in the sense that managers also play the role of leadership. A leader focuses mostly on the directives to be followed by the employers in the effectiveness of their duties. This is mostly done in an interactive method and understanding the factors that affect or hinder the achievements. Both managers and leaders play an important role in motivating their employees. Despite the fact that the employees may clearly understand their responsibilities and duties in the organization, fully desirable outcomes may be affected by lack of motivation. According to (Geary, D. C. (2005)) motivation is a key factor in influencing someone to desire to add extra effort to improve the work and achieve more than expected. Through the coordination of mind motivation also promotes the inward generation of will power which alternatively has a considerable physical contribution to human body. Depending on the type of organization leaders and managers may apply different methods in motivating the employees. Some of the ways used by managers in motivation are like organizing functions which include honoring and rewarding specific employees following their best performance. This is a common method but it enhances the spirit of positive competition amongst the employees. Satisfaction is another means applied by managers to motivate employees. A satisfied employee will have more will to work. Career and talents recognition which is mostly applied by leaders to appreciate their employees plays a part in motivating them. Leaders on the other hand recommend the promotion of hard working employees to the management which also motivates the employees. Some managers have introduced a systematic salary increase which may be annual or after a specified period. This does not necessary depend on the profit made by the company but on the period spent by the employee working in the company. Bonuses and commissions on the other hand are sometimes measured against the benefits realized by the organization within a specified duration. These are among factors of motivating the employees. Following the performance and the leadership portrayed by the leader which is mostly done through leading examples, employees feel motivated and the admiration of copying the good examples of their leaders is enhanced. In an attempt to elaborate motivation and the effects, several theories have been put forward. In this paper few theories have been borrowed to expand further the contribution of motivation. According to (Kahneman and Miller (1986)) Our human behavior will be more or less be influenced by the attitudes towards certain subjects, determinations and the capacity of attaining a specified responsibility will highly depend on the feeling of the inward drive. This is clearly elaborated in the attitude-behavior consistency theory. Leaders attempt to learn the attitude of their employee through the interaction and knowing their behaviors in which they often know or decide on the way to motivate them. They also have the responsibility in influencing their employee’s attitude may be towards the organizations strategies. Consistency theory of motivation attempts to elaborate that individuals mostly achieve their motives through distinguished coordination of the willingness and the capability to perform. Employees will always feel motivated under the circumstances in which leaders and managers create a conducive environment for them to integrate their capability led by the will to perform these responsibilities. According to (Milgram, S. , 1983) a considerable situation of the capability of the employee is essential to be applied by the managers in order to clearly understand and develop the right methods in motivating the employees. According to (Adams, J. Stacey, 1965), another theory of motivation is the equity theory. This theory dwells mostly as the appreciation done to the employees through the rewards. Considerations are always important in the determination of the employees who may be rewarded according to their contribution. It’s common that rewards differ according to the quantified duties well done by the individual employee or a group. Satisfaction of the employees is always determined by the reward attained as deserved. De-motivation is likely to occur if the distribution of rewards does not match with the effort applied in the achievements. Expectancy theory clearly defines a reason which contributes to the motivation of employees. According to (Deci, E. L. & Ryan, R. M. , 1991) either on the reliance on the previous experience in the organization or through the organization procedure, the employee will add a lot of effort in relation to the reward expected. In other words employees may improve greatly on their duties under the influence of the targeted reward which they expect to get after achieving their goals. Similar to expectations of the management towards achievements of the organizational goals, employees expects the full support from the management. This can be brought about by the keen consideration of the responsibility of the employees as previously discussed employees will aim at fulfilling their duties following the attention from the management and leaders who have the responsibility of giving correct directives. motivated employees will therefore feel to be fairly treated after being rewarded from their effort according to how much they achieved. This will therefore combine and relate equity theory and expectancy theory of motivation as discussed. Following the fact that success is among the most important goal in an organization, it is important for managers and leaders to subject their efforts in order to achieve it. In order to attain success they have to depend on their employees. In other words the performance of the employees will therefore depend on the management and leadership in the organization. One of the impacts of motivation to employees is the increase in productivity. Right motivation from the managers and leaders will cause the employees to be more active and potential which will be implemented in their duties. Motivation from the managers to their employees has also been associated with the expansion and the growth of the organization. Motivated employees will always do a quality job which can have a distinguished difference when compared with the competitors. In such a situation the intended or the targeted client will focus more on that specific organization and in return the growth of the organization will be realized. Positively motivated employee will be more innovative and they will be able to contribute to the teamwork in an organization hence minimizing the unexpected pull back which may be brought about by the lack of cooperation. Creativity will also be enhanced and this will contribute a lot in coming up with the new ideas. Sustainability of employees has been a difficult and a challenge to many organizations. This is brought about by the fact that employees need satisfaction while undertaking their duties. Managers in collaboration with leaders successfully overcome the challenges of employee sustainability through positive motivation to their employees and they eventually find that they critically reduce the level of day to day recruitment of new staff to replace the ones who have resigned. This will also improve the work that is done due to the experience gained by the employees they can comfortably and undoubtedly implement it. Motivated employees become devoted to their duties and responsibility in the organization thereby reducing the errors and careless mistakes which would reduce the credibility of the organization. Though it’s a complex exercise if the managers maximize on motivating their employees they will also in return contribute directly or indirectly to simplifying the manager’s duties of planning, controlling and coordinating the organization which is contrary to de-motivated employees. The leaders on the other hand will have more room to improve their initiatives and efficiency. Irrespective of the type and the size of the organization, motivation to the employees stands to be a key factor in the achievement of goals. Considering example of institutes like universities, learning centers, production centers and others, It is through the aspect of motivation to the employees that their abilities attitudes and their interest can be utilized which will in return promote the organization name both locally and internationally. In most parts of the world most organization has reportedly realized their goals through the hard work and coordination attributed to the employees. Following this good and improved performance there has always been a system of motivating the employees through the integrative and collaborative methods put forward by the managers and leaders. According to the chairman and chief executive officer of Coca-Cola Company Mr. Neville Isdell, the company has realized positive performance and success due to good and favorable conditions which of cause have been brought about by the cooperation of the employees and commitment. This can otherwise be affected if the employees are de-motivated hence this is a good example of the impact of managers and leaders on the motivation of their employee. Conclusion In every organization, the concept of motivation by the managers and leaders to their employees has accounted to tremendous success to many organizations through the increased productivity of the organization, expansion and growth of the organization, satisfied and lively employees, minimization of errors and accidents and so on. It has been noted also that there are several methods and ways in which the employees are motivated. It is therefore the responsibility of the leaders and mangers to fully involve themselves in practical consideration of the performance of their employee’s and the necessary improvements required. Motivation is a more complex exercise but the devotional strategies that may be applied by the leaders and managers are essential to achieve the positive outcomes.

Health Insurance and Retirement Plan Proposal Essays

Health Insurance and Retirement Plan Proposal Essays Health Insurance and Retirement Plan Proposal Paper Health Insurance and Retirement Plan Proposal Paper Avionics Solution is a small business organization serving as one of the leaders in manufacturing avionics equipment. It started as a family-owned business that delivers quality products given to its regular clients. As of today, Avionics Solution is currently employing at least 48 personnels within its manufacturing facility. It is the main aim of the organization’s administration to be of great help to its employees as well as with its clients. Through the establishment of a fine communication system that flows between the employers, the administrative sector and the rank and file employees, the organization’s head officers try to bridge the gap existing between the said stakeholders of the organization. Clearly, the mission of the organization to serve the community with the best possible services it could offer have been understood by the organization’s authorities to have been effectively sourced out from the establishment of   fine camaraderie among the people making up the entire company, including the employees as the primary actors within the organization’s journey towards success. Certainly, Avionics Solution wants to make sure of its competitive status in the manufacturing industry by providing its employees a workplace that stimulates employee interaction and economic growth. However, with all the fine set of missions created by the administration for the entire organization to follow, it has been found out that most of the employees complained about the fact that there are several provisions not granted by the organization, which namely includes health insurance and retirement plan. It is then proposed in this plan paper that the said issue be addressed well. This is to help the company get assured that it would be able to stay in its status of competition within the industry, through its provision of the utmost important factors of consideration for its employees. The said plan proposal shall immensely be patterned on the criteria as follows: 1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   it makes a persuasive case that we need healthcare and retirement plans to improve working conditions and the profitability of the Avionics Solution Company, 2)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   it offers an introduction to the different types of plans that are available 3)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   it presents a recommendation as to which plans the administration should acquire.

A Fool Knows Best Essay

A Fool Knows Best Essay A Fool Knows Best Essay Nicholas Lipinski Mr. Lauchlan World Literature 28 October 2012 A Fool Knows Best It seems very unlikely that a gravedigger, with no education or sense of knowledge, would have an effect on an intelligent prince. It also seems highly unlikely that a half-dug grave containing skulls, bones, and rotting decay would provide William Shakespeare a perfect opportunity to employ comedy in Hamlet. However, Shakespeare has taken hold of this opportunity to provide a discussion full of jest, remarkable word-play, and clever humor. Using these thematic elements, he forces Hamlet to question â€Å"his inability to recognize how a major way of knowing restricts both his love and his philosophy† (Hunt 141). In other words, Hamlet becomes aware that man is truly the very â€Å"quintessence of dust† (Shakespeare 103) and no matter if the man be a great king or simple peasant, all return to nothing. The comedic value of the gravedigger becomes apparent before he and Prince Hamlet even speak. He sings while digging and Shakespeare’s audience i s in the same state of surprise as Hamlet. â€Å"Has this fellow no feeling of his business?† (Shakespeare 243). The digger seems to have no sense of his work but still eventually gains the respect from Hamlet with his ready tongue and wit. In a humorous dialogue between the two, they discuss what exactly lies in the grave: HAMLET: What man dost thou dig it for? GRAVEDIGGER: For no man, sir. HAMLET: What woman then? GRAVEDIGGER: For none neither. HAMLET: Who is to be buried in't? GRAVEDIGGER: One that was a woman sir, but, rest her soul, she's dead. (Shakespeare 247) The gravedigger, unlike Hamlet, does not see the skulls and bones of the dead the same persons who they once belonged too. Ophelia is no longer a woman; in fact she is dead. The gravedigger has something Hamlet does not; â€Å"his view of experience is truly decorous. He is able to isolate joys and beloved individuals in their own times, not insisting that a past experience be unnaturally superimposed upon the p resent† (Hunt 143). Hamlet wishes death was non-existent and he finds it depressing whereas the gravedigger can acknowledge it with humor. Hamlet cannot accept the natural process until he actually holds a skull in his hand and examines â€Å"what a piece of work [that] is a man† (Shakespeare 101). Hamlet takes the skull of Yorick and examines it, and at this turning point, begins to oppose the play's initial premise of human imperfection. He cannot yet sing while grave-making like the gravedigger, but now the â€Å"custom hath made it in him a property of easiness† (Shakespeare 243). Hamlet’s belief that man is nothing turns to something real. â€Å"He can trace the dust of a world-conqueror until he finds it stopping a bung-hole and without considering a jot too curiously† (Reno 110). The fact that Yorick, someone who played a prominent role in young Hamlet’s life, is now a pile of decay in the dirt has a profound effect on Hamlet. He could be looking at two skulls, one Alexander’s, the world-conqueror, and the other Yorick’s, and he would not be able to tell the difference. All return to nothing. This concept of nothing is very apparent in Ernest Hemingway’s â€Å"A Clean, Well-Lighted Place.† This short story studies the inevitability of death and how there are always two contrasting views present. One view on life is hurried and impatient; not understanding of others. The second view is the opposite. It is patient and wise; knowing that death is near. The elder waiter is a practitioner of the second viewpoint as he reprimands the younger waiter for his rush. â€Å"What is an hour?† asks the older waiter (Hemingway 98). To the elder waiter, time is not important. Time is nothing. Death is the only thing to be certain of. This brings the discussion back to the graveyard where the digger uses time as his ally. Hamlet asks, â€Å"How long is it since [you became a

Aging in America Adult Caregiving Conflict essay

Aging in America Adult Caregiving Conflict essay Aging in America: Adult Caregiving Conflict essay Aging in America: Adult Caregiving Conflict essayThe population of our planet is aging rapidly: every second, two people in the world celebrate their sixtieth birthday. Over the past 30 years, the population aged 60 and older has doubled, while by 2050 its share is expected to double again (UNESC, 2012). According to The National Alliance for Caregiving data (2009), persons aged 65 or older make 13% of the United States population, and this figure may grow up to 19% already by 2030. The growing number of elderly people is explained by the improved quality of health care, intensive progress of medicine, advances in health surveillance, as well as expanding access to education and economic prosperity. The opportunity to live a long life is obviously a triumph of human development, however, the rapid aging of population brings with it many new challenges, one of which is the necessity to provide adequate caregiving for the elderly people.In its essence, aging is quite a natural, gradual extinction of the work of all human organs and systems, including nervous. The transformation in the psyche affect the behavior, prevent an elderly person from coping with life challenges, reduce flexibility and mental alertness, give rise to a predisposition toward conservatism and idealization of the past. In some cases, specific conditions get attached, including intellectual impairment and Alzheimer’s disease, which significantly complicates the lives of both care recipients and caregivers. Misunderstanding of the processes that occur in the body of their old relative or friend generates many conflicts in caregivers, while assuming an obligation to care for an elderly person always has an open-ended term. At the same time, in contrast to children who, with very few exceptions, exchange parent care for independent personal life, over the years, the elderly often become even more and more dependent on those who care for them. Further, in this paper we will review recent re searches on inner caregiving conflicts to understand their nature, underlying reasons, as well as major consequences.Identifying caregivers: gender, intergenerational and interfamily relationsToday, caregivers generally make up to 29% of the U.S. adult population (The National Alliance for Caregiving, 2009), while 43.5 million adult caregivers care for someone aged older that 50, and about 15 million care for someone who has Alzheimer’s disease or other dementia (Alzheimer’s Association, 2011). Among them, 68% are female caregivers, averagely aged 48 (The National Alliance for Caregiving, 2009). Indeed, a number of researches (Holstein et al., 2010; Kramer Thompson, 2002; Lahaie et al., 2013) state that male caregivers are less prone to providing personal care, while Lee and Tang (2013) study suggests that the situation may change in the nearest future due to a variety of newly emergent social and demographic factors. Thus, Lee and Tang (2013) confirmed that contempor ary men are sharing more caregiving tasks than a decade ago, still, according to Lahaie et al. (2013) women still bear the key burden of care. In particular, the comparison of caregiving tasks performed by men and women in elderly married couples shows that 24% of husbands helped their wives to get dressed compared to 28% of female caregivers, and only 16% of husbands helped with bathing versus 30% of wives (Lahaie et al., 2013; p. 254-56). Other studies (Brannen Petite, 2008; Brank Wylie, 2014; The National Alliance for Caregiving, 2009) have also demonstrated that about 36% of female caregivers handle the most difficult caregiving tasks (e.g., bathing and toileting) compared to 24% of male caregivers, who, in their turn, are more inclined to help with household budget, arrange care or even hire assistance. Generally, according to Lee and Tang (2013), female caregivers also show to spend more time providing care (21.9 hours per week vs. 17.4 by male caregivers).A number of studie s also signify the influence of age differences on the type and degree of conflict experiences by comparing the quality of care provided in intergenerational and intermarriage relations. In particular, many elderly spouses show greater sincerity in helping one another, and according to Kwak et al. (2012) reports, are satisfied with much more areas of their lives, compared with their adult children. Their emotional investment makes them feel more involved, but at the same time less burdened. They also rarely put their spouse in a rest home, in comparison to what adult children would prefer to do.Meanwhile, as it was marked above in Kramer and Thompson (2002) and Lahaie et al. (2013) research, wives typically experience greater responsibility for performing caregiving tasks than their husbands, while, a recent study by Lee and Tang (2013) found that husbands who face the role of caregivers showed higher levels of anxiety than women, possibly due to the fact that they were less familia r with this role. Perhaps for the same reason a portion of husbands in research showed to feel satisfaction as now they get an opportunity to reward their wives for all the care they received from them in the past. In contrast, wives who have spent a lifetime caring for children and elderly parents may experience the state of anger and resentment, having found themselves in a position where they must once again take responsibility on their shoulders (Lahaie et al., 2013; Brannen Petite, 2008; Lee Tang, 2013).Indeed, practice reveals that facing caregiving for the elderly parents, adult daughters, at least in the US population samples, feel a greater sense of duty to provide care and take on a caregiver’s role, then adult sons and adult daughters’ own husbands. Suffering a deep role conflict, â€Å"women in the middle†, as Kramer and Thompson (2002) defined them, are often unable to perform professional and family duties properly to combine them with the intens ive care provision. As a consequence, adult caregiving daughters more often leave their jobs to take care of their parents and start paying less attention to their husbands (Lahaie et al., 2013; Brannen Petite, 2008; Lee Tang, 2013).Another painful intergenerational family conflict includes sibling rivalry issues, when one of the siblings refuses to care for the elderly parent, criticizes the caregiver, or generates strained connections. The cause of sibling friction consists in reviving old relationship patterns and unresolved childhood tensions, sharpened by the newly created pressure of caregiving responsibility. In this case, according to Willyard et al. (2008), adult children start replaying their historical family roles and long forgotten dynamics of competition for parent’s attention. Besides, tensions may intensify in cases when one sibling is unable to accept the reality of parents’ aging problems, and thus distances from caregiving involvement. As a result, typically, only one sibling takes the leading role in care giving, which, however, may depend on non-family-related factors, such as closeness to parents’ house, absence of work and own family (Willyard et al., 2008, p. 1678). Regardless of the reasons, this conflict can lead to situation where one sibling is highly overburdened and the other one feels left out.In this perspective, intergenerational caregiving is found to become less stressful if the caregiving adult has a life partner. According to Bialon and Coke (2012) studies, married caregivers receive greater support and are less likely to suffer from depression than those without a partner. Besides, comparing families where caregivers were living with their elderly parents and families living separately, Brank and Wylie (2014) found that in the latter case the intergenerational partnership was significantly more strained, while those living together considered their caregiving activities natural.However, having applie d multi-factor models, experts (Brank Wylie, 2014; Bialon Coke, 2012; Holstein et al., 2010; Kwak et al., 2012; Willyard et al., 2008) came up to the common conclusion that it is insignificant who is providing care in particular, the elderly wife, husband, adult daughter or son. Instead, it is much more important to know the extent of the emotional connection between the caregiver and care recipient, and the approximate balance of one’s inquiries and resources in the key areas of life including physical, household and social spheres, employment status and financial position, as well as which particular costs are paid by caregiver’s sacrifice.Aging in America: Adult Caregiving Conflict essay   part 2

Questions Week 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Questions Week 5 - Essay Example f literature include the understanding related with the topic under discussion, the literary settings under which the piece of literature is written and lastly the era in which the author or poet hailed from. This is an amalgamation of a number of different attributes – all of which contribute to the wholesome basis that we know as literature. It would not be wrong here to state that literature is dependent on a number of different variables, most of which belong from the correct narration styles and the manner in which characters relate with the story or poem. If there is a catch within the literary piece, it is most likely that the entire piece of literature could be termed as flawed right from the onset, which would essentially mar the fundamental basis of penning down and thus analyzing the authenticity of genuine literary works and indeed the concept of literature. Secondary sources are a useful tool of measuring the quality of literary works. This is because they relate to the quality literature time and again in different quotations and citations which are placed within these secondary sources. Thus there is a lot of room for understanding what exactly qualifies as a piece of literature that is of the highest quality possible and what is otherwise. One must comprehend the fact that secondary sources give a somewhat correct measure of the comparison that is done between these literary works as the choice of narrations is made pertinent all this while and the words that have been used are more or less in line with the demands of the events, happenings and situations within the poem or story so to speak. This essentially marks the make-up of the literature that we are discussing here. Since secondary sources are themselves a good judge of describing literature over non-literary and un-qualified work, they provide a better yardstick when it come s to comparing one piece of literature over another and vice versa. Secondary sources always depict the authenticity

Causes of PM2.5 in China Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Causes of PM2.5 in China - Research Proposal Example This paper illustrates that being a modestly developed nation from earlier times, China went into an active phase of economic expansion from the 1970s and emerged as one of the prominent world economies by the turn of the century. Further aided by international trade agencies’ removal of trade barriers, China brought down its â€Å"iron curtain† thereby facilitating both inward and outward flow of investments. â€Å"Nowadays China is one of the worlds top exporters and is attracting record amounts of foreign investment. In turn, it is investing billions of dollars abroad†. Still being a socialist market economy, China has become the second largest economy in terms of nominal GDP, and the fastest-growing economy achieving growth rates of over 10 percent for the past three decades. â€Å"With a population of 1.3 billion, China recently became the second largest economy and is increasingly playing an important and influential role in the global economy†. This optimal economic growth has led to a number of benefits for its people and the nation as a whole including elevated lifestyle, increased purchasing power, development of finest infrastructures, and many more. However, this economic ascendance has also caused a number of challenges, with environmental degradation and the resultant health issues being the prominent one. China’s economy is mainly fuelled by its manufacturing sector, but this sector primarily emits a number of dangerous materials affecting the environment. Furthermore, China’s fast-growing economy has accentuated its energy demand, with environmentally-destructive coal being used to meet the rising demands. So, increased economic activity has gravely affected the natural environment causing a number of health problems to the Chinese people including life-threatening diseases such as cancers, heart diseases, respiratory problems, and others. Treating these health issues drain the exchequer’s money t hereby in a way sizably affecting or even nullifying the economic growth. More than this issue, the basic aspect of any economic growth is that it should elevate and safeguard people’s lives and not be a detriment.

Religion in Contamination Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Religion in Contamination - Essay Example Cosmopolitanism is still a brewing concept, although the idea has been traced to the cynic Diogenes of Ancient Greece (410 B.C.) who claimed world citizenship and to the 2nd century stoic Hierocles who drew the Concentric Circle Model of the â€Å"self† opening out for concern to family, local group, citizens, countrymen and humanity. Whether it is simply an idea, an ethical way-of-life or a movement, Cosmopolitanism is still to gain wider acceptance by present-day thinkers, moralists, and ideologists. In his book Cosmopolitanism: Ethics in a World of Strangers,† Appiah clarifies that Cosmopolitanism is basically an ethical principle. Still, he forewarns, not every ethical principle, inclusive of religion, which claims universality, is Cosmopolitanism. To understand this mind-set, Appiah’s aforesaid article deserves examination. Unlike his book Cosmopolitanism: Ethics in a World of Stranger, the article under consideration focuses less on Cosmopolitanism and more on the phenomenon of cultural change. Through personally drawn examples, expressed in a descriptive narrative way, Appiah shows that cultural assimilation takes various forms. And in his own home place in Asante, Ghana, Appiah finds exotic traditional customs being observed by fellow-Ghanaians, even as they show signs of modern 21st century living, wearing Western suits and using technology gadgets like cellphones.... Each and everyone is a citizen of the world, but the world is not closer to Cosmopolitanism, he adds, when homogeneity means only superficiality or artificiality in cultural changes. He describes how common it is for people to change in ways they like â€Å"inventing new forms of differences: new hairstyles, new slang, even new religions† (Appiah article, 2006). Also, some changes may be liked, while others disliked. For example, the influence of global economy may be a problem to those who have to adjust crops and livelihood, although acceptable even exciting for the well-placed who find opportunities in global change. In the case of religion, Christianization may have succeeded by way of mass conversions, but some elements of folk religious practices continue to prevail showing the fact that Christianity has been accepted in external form, but not in essence. In this article, Appiah treats religion in two distinct ways: First as a cultural artifice, subject to change as any other, and secondly as a dangerous new form of anti-cosmopolitanism. In the first form, religion plays the role of a cultural artifact, which undergoes change, and evokes different responses, good or bad. In this way, religious cultural change is like other cultural changes that are brought about by increased globalization of ideas. It plays a common role as other aspects of culture, such as dress, language or custom. It simply affects change, and some people like that, some do not. Appiah thinks that diversity in culture, including religious traditions, is an acceptable situation. However, the process of cultural change which creates only one cultural mode is unacceptable. This is so, since

Benefits and Difficulties of Including Children with Special Needs in Essay

Benefits and Difficulties of Including Children with Special Needs in Mainstream School - Essay Example MacKay (2002) notes that children with special needs are those who have conditions such as blindness, deafness, multiple impairments, physical impairments, behavior problems and learning difficulties among others. According to Etienne and Gendron (2008), inclusive education is a process that seeks to increase the participation of all students in schools, including students who have disabilities. It entails structuring policies, practices and cultures in schools so that they can respond to the diversity of their students. In the UK, Inclusive education acknowledges that all children need to be in schools and learn. The difference in children are also acknowledged and respected in inclusive education. The structures, methodologies and systems of education are enabled to meet the needs of all children, including those with disabilities (Glashan 2002). According to the Warnock report (1978), special education is considered a separate system of education whereby disabled children are educ ated in special schools. These schools are organized and equipped to meet their special educational needs. They operate on the basis that mainstream schools do not have the ability to address the needs of children who have special needs. Special education is usually provided in special schools that are equipped for catering to the needs of children with special needs (Leathwood, Ross, Moreau, Rollock & Williams 2008). According to the International for Policy Studies in Education (2008), education in the United Kingdom plays a very crucial role in maintenance and construction of equalities and social advantages. The Warnock report notes that education in the UK is currently compulsory for all children aged 5 to 16.... This essay declares that the perceptions of children with disabilities in the United Kingdom have had a shift in paradigm from the common medical model to social model then to the participative model. People with disabilities were for a long time viewed as patients with serious physical problems that are caused by diseases, accidents or other health conditions. This has changed to a more holistic approach in which they are considered as citizens with rights to self-determination and individual support. Many international conventions like the UN Convention on the rights of people with disabilities have been responsible for marking these paradigm shifts. This paper makes a conclusion that a lot of the policies regarding the inclusion of children with special needs in UK mainstream primary schools are derived from the Warnock report. The report suggests that at any given time, at least 2% of the population in a school would be considered disabled and in need of specialist and specific provision. This level of specific specialty provision is normally provided within mainstream schools. The same report also noted that 10% of the population of children in schools requires specialist provision at some given point during their education. These two provisions have seen a lot of changes take place in the laws of UK with the aim of eliminating discrimination against children with special needs.

Fundamentals of Mass Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Fundamentals of Mass Communication - Essay Example The films Terminator and Robocop mirrored the â€Å"dehumanizing potential of technology† that was an issue in America during the reign of President Reagan (16) with the concept of male heroes and female damsel in distress to make the story alive and exciting. However, some films were created simply to be entertaining without much connection to a particular social and political state of affairs. I chose to deconstruct The Matrix film episode due to the meanings attached to its symbols and due to its popularity. The symbolism and gender stereotyping in film can be an effective tool in conveying messages to mankind’s socio-political issues. The film The Matrix was first shown in public in 1999 but due to its huge success it became a trilogy with The Matrix Reloaded episode in May 2003, and The Matrix Revolutions shown in November of the same year. The film appeals to both male and female audiences from teenagers to late twenties basically because it is the age group who are interested in virtual games and martial arts stunts. The film is heavily loaded with gravity defying martial arts stunts and its story is based on computer generated technology which is of interest to the aforementioned audiences. The romance between the lead characters of Neo and Trinity as well as Trinity’s own persona in the film makes it generally appealing to female audiences. Major Characters and its Symbols. In the hit science fiction film The Matrix, the major characters Neo, Trinity, Morpheus, the Oracle, and Agent Smith embodies the archetypes described by Carl Jung. These archetypes along with the other symbols were used to support the entirety of the film and the message it wanted to convey to its audiences. It is worth noting though that the film is heavily loaded with male characters playing both the protagonists and antagonists roles. In the trilogy, there are four women who played important roles:

Learned Helpness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Learned Helpness - Essay Example These may cause employees to feel that success or recognition is unattainable, thereby inhibiting motivation to improve their performance levels2. Thesis Statement: The purpose of this paper is to investigate learned helplessness among employees in organizations, and examine the creation of desirable motivation states through management interventions such as motivation, and empowerment and resilience, to eliminate learned helplessness among employees. Lyn Abramson and her team suggested that objective events in themselves do not produce learned helplessness. How those events are interpreted, particularly how their attributional dimensions are perceived, play an important part. Usually, the situations that produce learned helplessness give rise to only momentary symptoms of depression, unless there already exists a ‘depressive explanatory style’3. Besides generalizing from an unpleasant experience resulting in passive acceptance of situations, another approach to the theory of learned helplessness underscores a reinforcement process as its basis. That is, when particular behaviors lead to desired rewards and outcomes, people are motivated to repeat those behaviors. The motivation to perform those behaviors is lost when the specific behaviors do not help to achieve desired outcomes4. For example, when a manager regularly takes credit for her subordinates’ successes, while blaming them for their failures, the employees may lose their motivation to work harder than is necessary to keep their jobs. Similarly, when an organization enforces the use of outdated and ineffective procedures resulting in failed outcomes, employees may show little urgency or interest in their work5. The significance of organizationally induced learned helplessness is that â€Å"It often remains even when the barriers to success are removed†6. Consequently, when an unfair manager or restrictive policies are removed, employee motivation and

Benefits and Difficulties of Including Children with Special Needs in Essay

Benefits and Difficulties of Including Children with Special Needs in Mainstream School - Essay Example MacKay (2002) notes that children with special needs are those who have conditions such as blindness, deafness, multiple impairments, physical impairments, behavior problems and learning difficulties among others. According to Etienne and Gendron (2008), inclusive education is a process that seeks to increase the participation of all students in schools, including students who have disabilities. It entails structuring policies, practices and cultures in schools so that they can respond to the diversity of their students. In the UK, Inclusive education acknowledges that all children need to be in schools and learn. The difference in children are also acknowledged and respected in inclusive education. The structures, methodologies and systems of education are enabled to meet the needs of all children, including those with disabilities (Glashan 2002). According to the Warnock report (1978), special education is considered a separate system of education whereby disabled children are educ ated in special schools. These schools are organized and equipped to meet their special educational needs. They operate on the basis that mainstream schools do not have the ability to address the needs of children who have special needs. Special education is usually provided in special schools that are equipped for catering to the needs of children with special needs (Leathwood, Ross, Moreau, Rollock & Williams 2008). According to the International for Policy Studies in Education (2008), education in the United Kingdom plays a very crucial role in maintenance and construction of equalities and social advantages. The Warnock report notes that education in the UK is currently compulsory for all children aged 5 to 16.... This essay declares that the perceptions of children with disabilities in the United Kingdom have had a shift in paradigm from the common medical model to social model then to the participative model. People with disabilities were for a long time viewed as patients with serious physical problems that are caused by diseases, accidents or other health conditions. This has changed to a more holistic approach in which they are considered as citizens with rights to self-determination and individual support. Many international conventions like the UN Convention on the rights of people with disabilities have been responsible for marking these paradigm shifts. This paper makes a conclusion that a lot of the policies regarding the inclusion of children with special needs in UK mainstream primary schools are derived from the Warnock report. The report suggests that at any given time, at least 2% of the population in a school would be considered disabled and in need of specialist and specific provision. This level of specific specialty provision is normally provided within mainstream schools. The same report also noted that 10% of the population of children in schools requires specialist provision at some given point during their education. These two provisions have seen a lot of changes take place in the laws of UK with the aim of eliminating discrimination against children with special needs.

Learned Helpness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Learned Helpness - Essay Example These may cause employees to feel that success or recognition is unattainable, thereby inhibiting motivation to improve their performance levels2. Thesis Statement: The purpose of this paper is to investigate learned helplessness among employees in organizations, and examine the creation of desirable motivation states through management interventions such as motivation, and empowerment and resilience, to eliminate learned helplessness among employees. Lyn Abramson and her team suggested that objective events in themselves do not produce learned helplessness. How those events are interpreted, particularly how their attributional dimensions are perceived, play an important part. Usually, the situations that produce learned helplessness give rise to only momentary symptoms of depression, unless there already exists a ‘depressive explanatory style’3. Besides generalizing from an unpleasant experience resulting in passive acceptance of situations, another approach to the theory of learned helplessness underscores a reinforcement process as its basis. That is, when particular behaviors lead to desired rewards and outcomes, people are motivated to repeat those behaviors. The motivation to perform those behaviors is lost when the specific behaviors do not help to achieve desired outcomes4. For example, when a manager regularly takes credit for her subordinates’ successes, while blaming them for their failures, the employees may lose their motivation to work harder than is necessary to keep their jobs. Similarly, when an organization enforces the use of outdated and ineffective procedures resulting in failed outcomes, employees may show little urgency or interest in their work5. The significance of organizationally induced learned helplessness is that â€Å"It often remains even when the barriers to success are removed†6. Consequently, when an unfair manager or restrictive policies are removed, employee motivation and

George Washington Plunkitt Essay Example for Free

George Washington Plunkitt Essay In the late 19th century, battle lines of distaste and resentment were drawn between the new immigrant class and the current American citizens. In New York City, the Nativists and the Irish Catholic community clashed on opposing sides of the line. The majority of Irish Catholic immigrants were uneducated, unskilled, and alien to the industrial city life of the new world. Their mass numbers filled up the city’s slums, poor houses, and prisons. With strong aversion from New York Nativists, the Irish immigrant community was initially obstructed from attaining governmental support. This void in representation of such a massive percentage of New York’s population allowed for the emergence and great success of Tammany Hall leaders like George Washington Plunkitt. George Washington Plunkitt, born in 1842, grew up surrounded by this new immigrant Irish-Catholic community. He identified with the city’s immigrant poor and working class; the resented New York Irish were Plunkitt’s community. Although Plunkitt used his political status for his own benefit, his position as a political leader was useful for his community. Plunkitt’s nepotistic beliefs, while controversial, proved to benefit his community. He had a strong belief in the spoils system and stood for â€Å"rewarding the men that won the victory† (12). He could not foresee the existence of a party system that did not place its own workers in offices (13). He candidly discussed the impossibilities of â€Å"[keeping] an organization together without patronage† (36). In response to an accusation of Tammany Hall’s patronage, Plunkitt expressed his belief that there is no one more in need, better fit, or more anxious to serve the city than Tammany workers (51). Although this outlook gave Plunkitt a controversial ‘quid pro quo’ attitude towards government affairs, his community benefitted from this arrangement. This arrangement allowed Plunkitt to provide jobs to his supporters who might have otherwise suffered unemployment. A majority of Plunkitt’s supporters were uneducated and unskilled migrants who were generally feared and disapproved of. Plunkitt meanwhile knew â€Å"every big employer in [his] district and in the whole city† and made a point to keep track of the jobs (27). These connections enabled Plunkitt to provide jobs for the men he considered ‘deservin’ † (27). To him, a deserving man is any man with a vote for Tammany Hall. Not only did Plunkitt provide jobs to his constituents but he also provided rudimentary support and a form of insurance for the poorer families in his district. If a family in his district was in need, he was able to â€Å"fix them up† until they were on their own feet again (27). He proclaimed â€Å"no Tammany man goes hungry in my district† (36). Plunkitt made it unmistakably clear though, that while it was a philanthropy he was offering, it was only in the name of politics. For example, after describing the support he offered to families burdened by the devastation of a fire, he selfishly asked himself how many votes one fire could bring him (37). Although Plunkitt was never without a self-interest motive, he was in a unique position having the ability to be a provider for families in need. At the time, there was no government welfare system established. Instead, the poor and those in need could rely on the welfare offered by Plunkitt; his community benefitted from his ability to take care of them. Plunkitt’s own benefits from government are obscured and, in some way, vindicated because of the support he provided for his community. Plunkitt made a fortune in politics but in return succeeded in getting big improvements for New York City (28). If Plunkitt had not made his pile in politics, the social net he controlled would have collapsed. The community would have been worse off if he had not reaped the benefits from government and used his own funds to provide assistance to the poor. Plunkitt was in no way a philanthropist but in becoming a nepotistic and selfish government official who used politics for his own advantage, he became useful to his community. Plunkitt saw a vote in everyone, no matter his or her status. He had the ability to â€Å"be several sorts of a man in a single day† (45). He could â€Å"talk grammar† with the wealthy but also connect with the common people of his district (45). He kept is constituents close and would â€Å"do them a good turn whenever he [had] a chance† (46). Plunkitt’s adaptable personality and mercantile approach towards politics made him valuable to his community. With his status and fortune, he supported his community and provided government representation for the new Irish immigrant class. He was a provider of jobs and a provider of welfare in return for a vote.

The IMPACT OF A MARKETING MIX

The IMPACT OF A MARKETING MIX Marketing Mix is defined as the collection of various marketing tools which can be blended very well to obtain greater response from the market. Anything and everything which a company or an organisation does to influence and encourage consuming them also will be key factor in the market mix The term marketing mix has been used for almost 50yrs to describe that mix of factors over which an organisation has some specific control. It affects far more than the basic product or service, embarrassing not only aspects of total product but everything that can be considered as part of total marketing offering Adock 2001:168 There are several marketing tools but the major four marketing factors which are very common in business relates to the marketing sector are Product, Price, Promotion and Place Considering Indian Premier League (IPL) in an entertainment industry framework, we are doing the service marketing mix, three additional variables are also there- People, Physical Evidence and Process are included to produce a 7Ps mix. Based on the above stated seven factors we are attempting to do the Marketing Mix of the Indian Premier League (IPL) in our coursework. While non-cricketing attributes that matter in IPL, the success is mainly relying on the core competencies of cricket players. Always a new business model is understood to mean a value proposition which is offered to the market as the revenue sources or targeted consumer segments. The key elements are: Matches customer needs Effective Marketing Mix Well Blended Creates competitive advantage Matches Corporate Resources Fig No 1: Hallmarks of an effective Marketing Mix (Jobber 2010: 20) PRODUCT The Indian Premier League (IPL) is a service that used to meet the needs of the spectators, because product is not to be necessarily an object it can be related to services, ideas and some situations it can even relates to the people and place also. Physical products can be tangible but pure services are intangible. This means the customers suffer high risk in their decision making and three elements of extended marketing mix are important to influence the customer of service quality. A product can be defined as anything that satisfies a want or need through use, consumption or acquisition John 2010:250 The Indian Premier League is an International brand which is implemented by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI).The IPL consists of eight different teams which is located in some of the Indias biggest cities. The IPL is the Twenty20 (20 overs per team) tournament contested between this eight Indian city franchises. When we take IPL as a business rather than a game then IPL is the product or service the assets are the players of these teams and the market is the spectators and the television audience. Revenues can be generated from different ways like entry ticket, stadium advertising, player endorsements and television rights. The change that happened to the cricket in the recent years is the establishment and success of the IPL. The tournament consists of around 60 matches and team consists of international and domestic players as well as new players. The first season began in April 2008 in India. The second was moved to South Africa because of security concerns due to the Indian general elections. The concept of the Indian Premier League (IPL) has been accepted by International Cricket Council (ICC). As Indian Premier League (IPL) was created by BCCI particularly by Lalit Modi IPL Commissioner and vice president of BCCI modelled on the basis of English Football Premier League, which clearly stated the power of BCCI over Indian Cricket. The huge success of the second season in South Africa shows that the location is only secondary stage to entertainment value. IPL has rather made big changes in Indias socio economic path. The important point is that IPL has made the level of professionalism which was not seen before in BCCI. BRAND IPL is a service of its kind which has made its own image in marketing prospective globally in entertainment service. The brand name of a service can also influence the perception of a service. The characteristics of a successful brand name are distinctiveness, relevance, memorability and flexibility Jobber 2010:841 The UK based brand consultancy, brand finance has valued IPL at $4.2billion in 2010.It has valued $2.01billion in 2009 by the same consultancy. The eight franchises was also being part of this growth. The London Times reported that all but Kings XI Punjab made a profit in the first season. Rank Franchise Brand Value 1 Chennai Super Kings $ 48.4m 2 Kolkata Knight Riders $ 46m 3 Rajasthan Royals $ 45.2m 4 Royal Challengers Bangalore $ 41.9m 5 Mumbai Indians $ 40.8m 6 Delhi Daredevils $ 40.5m 7 Kings XI Punjab $ 36.1m 8 Deccan Chargers $ 34.4m PLC Reasons for the success of IPL The main reason for the success of the IPL was demand. The fan base determines demand and this made the revenues, profits and the franchise values. The IPL was financially viable because of the entertainment that is packaged, markets and sale was fulfilling the fans demand. Product Market The service market establishes the different ways on the basis of business marketing concepts. As far as IPL is concerned the interest will depend upon the level of competition in the league. That is based upon the interest of BCCI, to make sure the level of competition which sustains the demand and determines the long term liability of the league. The level of competition depends upon the number of teams in the league, the structure of the league system versus a single tier system number of matches in a season, end of season, play offs and tournaments, salary caps and the free agency. Customer function dimension: This involves the benefits that are provided to satisfy the needs of organisational buyers (Thomas 2010: 220). In IPL the franchises are engaging in activities that strengths the demand generating fan base. They made themselves financially viable by implementing brand value maximising decisions to make what viewers need from the IPL matches and how they are imperative to increase their franchise value. IPL matches are widened their viewer base attracted a number of women and children. Technology based dimension: There are alternative ways to perform a particular function (Thomas 2010:220). At a technical level based on Packers World Series Cup (WSC), IPL has scheduled every matches in evening and night, more camera angles, video replays, best commentary teams and onscreen statistics on an impressive way. It improved television coverage, sponsorships and marketing. Value Added system dimension: Competitors serving the market can operate a long sequence of stages (Thomas 2010: 220). In IPL the paying capacity will defer for different spectators. The franchises are recognising this and the price is changing according to the fans willingness to pay made a huge impact in the revenues. As an example, decision regarding seat allocation in the stadium daily tickets versus season tickets versus box seats and pricing of seats in the various sections of the stadium by a good understanding and consumer behaviour. PRICE Price is basically the odd one out of the marketing mix as it is the revenue earner, when compared to the rest of the three elements of the marketing mix (Product, Promotion Place) which are costs. Price is a really important element of the marketing mix as it drives the product to the customers vicinity. (Jobber 2004: 376). Price is a key marketing tool for various reasons, it is difficult to evaluate a service before purchase there price may act as an indicator of quality and creative pricing can help for smooth demand (controlling demand). IPL has made contracts with different private sector and nationalised banks for selling the tickets through them, by this they can reach to the public quite easily. The IPL has generated the income through different ways. The auction for the eight franchises fetched $723.59million in 2008.On 2010 there was auction for two more teams which fetched $703million and the teams has spent $650.4 for bidding the players . IPL got the deal with DLF, Indias largest construction firm for $200 million for the title sponsor IPL signed up Kingfisher Airlines as the official umpire partner for a series at $ 24.06 million. The deal was the umpire uniforms will be of Kingfisher brand and also on the giant screen on the third umpire decision. IPL has made a contract with India Sony Entertainment television and Singapore based World Sport Group (WSG) for the global broadcasting rights on a record deal of $1.97billion for ten years including 2017 IPL season on 15th Jan 2008 Demand curve graph Whatever the amount collected 20% of these proceeds would go to IPL, 8% as prize money and 72% would be distributed to the franchises. After the first successful first season in 2008 the second season which was held at South Africa proved that this league has shaken the sport at an international level, showed the shift of power from the developed world to emerging economy like India. The auction process showed that commercial values were not the same as cricketing values. The creation of the IPL has resulted in an instant windfall for BCCI with the league signing up deals worth over $1.749billion in terms of broadcast right, franchise sales and sponsorships .The 64% of the revenue generated through all broadcasting and sponsorship will go to franchises and as guaranteed the franchises get 80%of television revenue in first two years declining to 50% in the third year. To add this they receive 60 %of central sponsorship for the first 10 years and 50% thereafter. This is because the league wants to maximise the value of team owners. Sponsorship has played a critical role in IPL to make the other companies in Indian market to make deals with either team or individual players to promote the brand to the public. When the league was shifted to South Africa, to maintain revenues, team owners and co-sponsors came up with innovative ideas to make presence of IPL in Indian and South African markets. As an example the UB Group owner of the (Royal Challenger Bangalore) announced special travel packages on Kingfisher Airlines (an international airline owned by UB Group) for Indians heading to South Africa to watch the tournament. PROMOTION The intangible element of any service is difficult to communicate. Promotion is the most essential part of the organisation which helped to communicate to the world about the service. There are different ways for promoting a service. Advertising Any kind of promotional activity that has been paid by the company, but the company is not directly involved can be termed as advertising. The sources for that kind of promotions are newspaper, television, radio etc. The advantages of these kind of promotions are that you get support from the people who know about what customers like to see read and hear. The benefit of this is you dont need to put extra effort to promote by yourself. As newspaper, television and radio are commonly accepted for their widespread network in the advertisement field so that it will reach to most of its customers. The drawback for this kind of advertising is that the lack of customer interaction. They will be telecasting different advertisements on all the channels in every ad break throughout the day so that it will help the people to remember about it. Television Advertisement (Ref: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dBBIrcKBMWkNR=1feature=fvwp) Public Relations In public relations word of mouth plays an important role to success for services because of their experiential nature. Viral communications-sometimes called electronic word of mouth is been effectively used to promote IPL Online Promotion The new media like online promotion can also be used to promote services. Indian Premier League (IPL) use targeted emails to encourage customers. IPL will be sending online advertisements to keep reminding about the dates of the matches .The sponsors will also be telecasting there advertisements on the basis of IPL and promoting the merchandisers Social Media Environments IPL is making a very good social media environment like Facebook and twitter very well to interact with the individuals. This will help to get the feedback which can be taken as a suggestion. Through Facebook and twitter IPL is updating the match reviews and live scores so that it can be beneficial those who doesnt have access to the television. In 2010 IPL has made a successful venture to keep live streaming in social networking site You Tube (www.youtube.com/t20) PLACE PEOPLE As far IPL is concerned the market comprises spectators and the television audience. The IPL can be said as a step for globalisation of cricket from India. It can appeal to market as diverse as Europe, Japan, Malaysia US. Around 20million Asian and Caribbean fan base migrants are in North America. China is one of the other potential market of interest which made a recent interest to participate in the 2019 cricket world cup by the Chinese authorities.IPL is expanding the cricket viewership. The principle form of change in the success of IPL is geography and innovation. The Asian sub-continent which consists of top of ten cricket playing nations is India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka Bangladesh. Therefore it provides largest audience for cricket. The Indian market alone is the worlds pay-television market, with almost 70million households subscribing to sports channels. In 2010 the third season has been attracted to 200million viewers in India alone. That compares with a global audience of 4 50million of the last FIFA world cup. When people enjoy their work it is clear from their body language and the tone of their voice. They give of positive messages about their employer and will go the extra mile for their clients too. The company brand enjoys a very real boost as a result. Ross Urquhart, MD of RPM (Jobber 2010: 846). During the off season the interest in IPL format is being sustained by creation of trade window, during which players can be traded between franchises. Research by the IPL suggest that 70% of those attending a match having never been to one before. From this 70% around 90% of this people went to more matches. PHYSICAL EVIDENCE It is an environment in which the service is delivered in IPL, venues are the environment in which games performs. A very well organised opening and closing ceremonies will be conducted where it will be performed by world class performers and a spectacular laser show will be a centre of attraction. All the franchises have the cheer leaders to support their team throughout the match progresses. In an attempt to emulate the American Sports teams one of the franchises even imported cheerleaders from Washington Redskins. PROCESS It is a procedure, mechanisms and flow of mechanisms by which a service is acquired (Jobber 2010: 846). A good marketing means it has to happen in all the levels from marketing department to where its service is provided. IPL is providing a good spectacular event for all the spectators even in television as well as live. They have scheduled the matches in prime time so that it is good time for the targeted customers. The major key for the long term success of IPL is that rearing of the solid fan base. They can provide a cost effected entertainment demanded by the fans. Team composition should be reflecting the demand of fans. They can add celebrity players, local players, foreign players, hard hitters, all-rounders as well. The spectators will analyse the team on basis of these factors and the price it is willing to pay. Even they can make use of this social networking websites to get more supporters for their own teams in the matches.

To What Extent Does Salinger Make You Sympathize With Holden Caulfield

To What Extent Does Salinger Make You Sympathize With Holden Caulfield The Catcher In The Rye By J.D.Salinger J.D Salinger has made the main character and narrator, Holden Caulfield, very complex. He has many good qualities that help the reader to sympathize with him. However throughout the novel the reader comes to realize that Holden’s behaviour around other characters often contradicts the opinions he has expressed to t he reader. This makes us see that, at times, Holden is no better than the characters he dislikes. It makes him seem â€Å"phoney.† However his use of colloquial language helps the reader to realize that Holden is still quite young and has a childish and immature view of life. You can see how immature he is because even though he is sixteen he still made a snowball and tried to get on a bus without realizing that the bus driver would make him throw it out. â€Å"The snow was very good for packing. I didn’t throw it at anything,† Holden then complains, â€Å"But he wouldn’t believe me. People never believe you.† This is a very childish thing to say, if he doesn’t get his own way then Holden believes that it’s the other person’s fault. He never considers that the bus driver is just doing his job or that eventually the snowball would melt on the bus creating more work for the bus driver who would probably have to clean it up. He instead immediately assumes that everyone is biased against him instead of maturely just accepting that you have to follow the rules and you can’t just create your own. Holden is disillusioned and sees everyone as being cynical and believes that everything is either black or white; Holden Caulfield sees childhood as being ideal and he thinks adulthood is filled with corrupt p... ...the windows on the station wagon.† Stradlater seems to make these repressed emotions resurface by insulting Holden through his lack of respect for Jane and the hard work Holden had just put into writing that essay for him. I think that Salinger is mainly successful in his attempt to make the reader sympathize with Holden. Although at the beginning of the book Holden appears to be fake and uncaring towards several of the other characters, as the book progresses the reader is shown how he has been through the tragic loss of his brother and suppresses any emotions he had about him, and how Holden really wants to fit in with the â€Å"Adult world† even if some of the things he is doing he disagrees with. Holden is just a normal person with flaws like anyone else, the difference is that Holden can admit his faults and doesn’t judge others immediately by theirs.

Viewing The Crucible with a Feminist Lens Essays -- Arthur Miller 2014

To be seen and not heard; a quality shared by the inanimate object, and the conventional woman. Society has conformed women into accessories, and therefore, literature has followed suit. Inherent in this ideology, are many base traits attributed to women. Arthur Miller’s The Crucible exploits these traditional feminine characteristics to aid the female character in her role of complimenting the male. When observing something from an alternate perspective it can take on a whole new meaning. Studying novels from different lenses can seem as if you are reading a different work than the author intended. A feminist lens allows the reader to look past obvious themes in the novel for the implicit or concealed misogyny within. This lens â€Å"examines, interprets, and seeks to redress the marginalization of women through a critical response to literature, within the larger context of a male-dominated literary establishment.†(Boswell OL) When examining a work through a feminist lens a variety of components must be taken into account. The main objective is, of course, to analyze the portrayal of women. To do so adequately, however, one must explore gender roles, and therefore look into relations between male and female characters to see if they are equal. (Boswell OL) The purpose of feminist criticism is to reveal the patriarchal dogma of literature. Arthur Miller’s experiences with women are depicted through their roles in his plays. He is quoted as saying â€Å"I like the company of women. Life is boring without them†. This is fitting because he married one of the most interesting women in American history. Marilyn Monroe is a notorious sex symbol because she was objectified during her time as an actress. Her blond hair and pretty face easil... ...e Crucible, New Edition, Bloom's guides. New York: Chelsea House Publishing, 2010. Bloom's Literary Reference Online. Facts On File, Inc. Web. 3 May. 2012. Boswell, Marshall. "Feminist Literary Criticism." In Boswell, Marshall, and Carl Rollyson, eds. Encyclopedia of American Literature: The Contemporary World, 1946 to the Present, vol. 4, Revised Edition. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2008. Bloom's Literary Reference Online. Facts On File, Inc. Web. 10 May. 2012. Marlow, Stuart. "Interrogating The Crucible: Revisiting the Biographical, Historical and Political Sources of Arthur Miller's Play" In Bloom, Harold, ed. The Crucible, New Edition, Bloom's Modern Critical Interpretations. New York: Chelsea House Publishing, 2008. Bloom's Literary Reference Online. Facts On File, Inc. Web. 10 May. 2012. Miller, Arthur. The Crucible. New York: Penguin Books,1976.

Maxims and Sayings, Herakleitos Essay

The â€Å"Unity of Opposites† is a very interesting piece. The concept of opposites and the balance that lies within all is the main idea. By placing these values and definitions as one in the same Herakleitos goes a step further. Although he only discusses a limited number of things and their opposites, this theory can go beyond and be forever limitless in the categorizing of opposites. It sheds light to the idea of balance and good and bad, heaven and hell, life and death. All things in this universe have an opposite and that which is living is also death and here within lies the harmony of absolute knowledge. In a way I believe Herekleitos is seeking wisdom by defining mans belief in religion and themselves. As so stated in his final verse â€Å"I inquired of myself†. One excerpt from the maxim stating, â€Å" War is father of all and king of all; and some he made gods and some men, some slaves and some free.†, shows a strong belief in warfare and accurately depicts the Mycenaean culture of the warrior class. This culture took great pride in their belief of war and strength in pillaging. They lived by the idea that to survive one must attack before being attacked. Just as in the saying by Herakleitos, â€Å"The name of the bow is life, but its work is death.†, a belief for warfare and weaponry is shown. By giving life itself to the object of the bow, the Mycenaean culture can be defined as a war mongering culture. This theory is clearly defined as well in the art piece known as â€Å"The Warrior Vase†. By depicting ancient warriors on this vase, the Mycenaean culture shows that even on a home based piece of pottery, one is reminded of the true value of warfare and strength. The men portrayed on this vase also show a high level of weaponry and defense for an ancient culture with minimal contact with Egyptians and well before roman times.

Harvard Guide to Happiness, Freakonomics, Can’t a Woman Be Einstein Essay

The methods suggested from a research conducted over 10 years on 1,600 Harvard students are relevant today more than ever. The global trend of shift in workforce from manufacturing to white collar work necessitates workers obtain higher degrees of education. Individuals with higher education degree are more equipped with the capacity to better manage given tasks of the service sector employing analytical thinking. Workforce comprised of such highly educated individuals enhances competitiveness in the increasingly complex global economy. Thus the value of individual academic pursuit is critical in sustaining economic development of a nation. Assuming that students furthering their studies decide based on freewill, keeping students motivated is the key to encouraging them to pursue higher education. Basing on the results from the study, increasing interaction among the various elements within the school system such as faculty and peer-students propel students to achieve higher grades, become more intellectually engaged and increase their overall happiness. An NBER study of a group of Kenyan girls in 69 primary schools comparing those who were randomly selected to receive scholarships to those who did not receive any surprisingly concluded that greater education does not in fact lead to greater democracy. However I believe the relationship between education and democracy can either be strengthened or weakened based on the content of the education received by the citizens and how it is famed in the classroom setting. Education systems that emphasize and value freedom of expression through heated discussion among peers inevitably provide an opportunity for the students to experience democratic way of handling things. The way information was given to the young girls in Kenya and its substance may have been the reason in the failure of increased education to result in greater democracy. The essay that demonstrated that biological difference exists between male and female but does not suggest a difference in aptitude pose an important issue in the field of education. I agree that the results hint a change in the education system but I hesitate to agree with Leonard Sax in his belief that â€Å"coed schools do more harm than good†. The fact that current coed schools might not provide an environment for boys and girls to learn at the pace of their maturing brains does not necessitate those students to be educated in single-sex schools. The problem, if there is any, would lie in the lack of division of classes based on the level of each subject. Division of class in coed schools based on proficiency, for instance beginners, intermediate and advanced seems an appropriate response that effectively deals with the problem embraces outliers at the same time.

Arts & Visual Literacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Arts & Visual Literacy - Essay Example As it can be seen from the image above, the sculpture is a giant concave mirror that reflects the sky. It is made of stainless steel materials that reflect the open sky from its concave part. It sits on white granite that is designed with precision to finish its beauty. This image is a photograph of the sculpture that was installed at the entrance of Oceanographic Museum in Monaco in 2003. However, there are other similar displays that have been installed in the vicinity of most phenomenal monuments, museums and historical public places in various countries. For instance, one similar sculpture was installed at the entrance of Channel Gardens at Rockefeller in 2006. Sky mirror is a symbol of creativity that dominates the design, engineering as well as the science of artworks. The contemporary society is ever changing. The same changes are significantly reflected in the art world as well. For this reason, the design of the mirror is an indication that the aesthetic landscape painting of the 18th century is shifting with the modern waves of change. One element of change in the modern day society is technology. The implication of technology in Sky mirror is evident. Anish Kapoor is a British-Indian. He was born in Mumbai in 1954. He moved to London in the early 1970s. He moved to England to study art and design at Hornsey College of Art and Chelsea School of Art and Design (Allen 1). For the last two decades, the sculpture has developed some of the magnificent artworks. He has also widely exhibited his artworks both in London and internationally. Being of the latest invention of art, Anish Kapoor’s Sky Mirror has not been extensively researched to elaborate. That implies that though the technology driven sculpture is popular in the art world, as the most recognizable and ambitious artwork, the sculpture has not been extensively researched. However, this does not mean the work has not been reviewed. The stripes and the shiny stainless steel

The right of abode in Hong Kong Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The right of abode in Hong Kong - Essay Example The government ought to review the population policies, with picky references to mainland mothers birthing in Hong Kong city. Many lawmakers would say that these babies born here not only strain obstetric services for local parents, but also put pressures on healthcare, education, welfare, and housing services in the city. The government should consider responding that the question of children born of parents of both non-Hong Kong lasting residents can be viewed positively as they may turn into new blood of the aging population. The government should review the population policies suiting for long-term growth. The government should question if children mothered by nonlocal parents could actually relieve the aging population question. Again the Hong Kong SAR government should strive for the authorities to vet the daily ration of 150 individual-entry permit hopefuls. The government should take a look back to the chief secretary-led direction-finding committee for not making an announcement of any population policy reviews, leaving this population policy to fail to keep up to the current state. Interpretation of the Basic Law The government needs to note that the local population could increase by about 90,000 every year (with 40,000 of these children born of nonlocal parents). It should be worried the situation might be out of control and therefore need to seek for an interpretation of the applicable Basic Law provisions on residence rights of such category of children. Conversely, the Special Administrative Region (SAR Government) lacks continuing plans in its allocation and governance of finances, resulting in makeshift policies (Siu and Ku, 2008). Citizens believe the final way